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首页> 外文OA文献 >The glia response after peripheral nerve injury: A comparison between schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells and their uses for neural regenerative therapies
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The glia response after peripheral nerve injury: A comparison between schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells and their uses for neural regenerative therapies

机译：周围神经损伤后的神经胶质反应：雪旺细胞与嗅鞘细胞的比较及其在神经再生治疗中的用途

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摘要

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits a much larger capacity for regeneration than the central nervous system (CNS). One reason for this difference is the difference in glial cell types between the two systems. PNS glia respond rapidly to nerve injury by clearing debris from the injury site, supplying essential growth factors and providing structural support; all of which enhances neuronal regeneration. Thus, transplantation of glial cells from the PNS is a very promising therapy for injuries to both the PNS and the CNS. There are two key types of PNS glia: olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which populate the olfactory nerve, and Schwann cells (SCs), which are present in the rest of the PNS. These two glial types share many similar morphological and functional characteristics but also exhibit key differences. The olfactory nerve is constantly turning over throughout life, which means OECs are continuously stimulating neural regeneration, whilst SCs only promote regeneration after direct injury to the PNS. This review presents a comparison between these two PNS systems in respect to normal physiology, developmental anatomy, glial functions and their responses to injury. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and differences between the two systems is crucial for the development of future therapies using transplantation of peripheral glia to treat neural injuries and/or disease.
机译：外周神经系统（PNS）的再生能力比中枢神经系统（CNS）大得多。造成这种差异的一个原因是两个系统之间神经胶质细胞类型的差异。 PNS胶质细胞通过清除损伤部位的碎屑，提供必要的生长因子并提供结构支持，对神经损伤迅速做出反应；所有这些都增强了神经元的再生。因此，从PNS移植神经胶质细胞对于PNS和CNS的损伤都是非常有希望的疗法。 PNS胶质细胞有两种主要类型：嗅觉鞘细胞（OEC）（位于嗅神经中）和雪旺氏细胞（SCs）（存在于其他PNS中）。这两种神经胶质类型具有许多相似的形态和功能特征，但也表现出关键差异。嗅觉神经在整个生命中不断翻转，这意味着OEC在不断刺激神经再生，而SC仅在直接损伤PNS后才促进再生。这篇综述介绍了这两种PNS系统在正常生理，发育解剖，神经胶质功能及其对损伤的反应方面的比较。对两种系统之间的机制和差异的透彻了解对于使用周围神经胶质细胞移植治疗神经损伤和/或疾病的未来疗法的发展至关重要。

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